CPU Comparison

Prices updated daily from live retailer stock. Ranked by gaming performance per dollar by default — click any column header or use the sidebar filters to re-sort and narrow the list.

Ryzen 5 5500
From
$80
Perf/$ G
48.38
Gaming
38.7
Cinebench
588
Cores
6
Buy
Core i3-14100F
From
$105
Perf/$ G
47.62
Gaming
50.0
Cinebench
499
Cores
4
Buy
Core Ultra 5 225F
From
$146
Perf/$ G
42.81
Gaming
62.5
Cinebench
943
Cores
10
Buy
Ryzen 5 9600X
From
$176
Perf/$ G
41.26
Gaming
72.6
Cinebench
1,031
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 5 7600X
From
$165
Perf/$ G
40.80
Gaming
67.3
Cinebench
846
Cores
6
Buy
Core i3-12100F
From
$120
Perf/$ G
40.00
Gaming
48.0
Cinebench
442
Cores
4
Buy
Ryzen 5 8400F
From
$126
Perf/$ G
39.81
Gaming
50.0
Cinebench
739
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 5 7500F
From
$160
Perf/$ G
38.13
Gaming
61.0
Cinebench
833
Cores
6
Buy
Core i3-9100F
From
$76
Perf/$ G
37.37
Gaming
28.4
Cinebench
245
Cores
4
Buy
Core Ultra 5 245K
From
$180
Perf/$ G
37.28
Gaming
67.1
Cinebench
1,518
Cores
14
Buy
Perf/$ G
36.65
Gaming
73.3
Cinebench
Cores
18
Buy
Core Ultra 5 225
From
$176
Perf/$ G
35.51
Gaming
62.5
Cinebench
946
Cores
10
Buy
Ryzen 5 7600
From
$180
Perf/$ G
35.22
Gaming
63.4
Cinebench
756
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 5 5600
From
$148
Perf/$ G
35.19
Gaming
52.0
Cinebench
618
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 5 8500G
From
$149
Perf/$ G
34.90
Gaming
52.0
Cinebench
655
Cores
6
Buy
Core Ultra 5 245KF
From
$195
Perf/$ G
34.42
Gaming
67.1
Cinebench
1,560
Cores
14
Buy
Core i5-12600KF
From
$179
Perf/$ G
33.97
Gaming
60.8
Cinebench
951
Cores
10
Buy
Perf/$ G
33.32
Gaming
73.3
Cinebench
1,853
Cores
18
Buy
No image
From
$140
Perf/$ G
32.86
Gaming
46.0
Cinebench
603
Cores
6
Buy
Core i5-12400F
From
$164
Perf/$ G
32.32
Gaming
53.0
Cinebench
640
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 7 7700X
From
$225
Perf/$ G
31.43
Gaming
70.6
Cinebench
1,104
Cores
8
Buy
Core i5-9600KF
From
$120
Perf/$ G
30.58
Gaming
36.7
Cinebench
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 5 5600X
From
$180
Perf/$ G
29.83
Gaming
53.7
Cinebench
583
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 7 5700
From
$176
Perf/$ G
29.56
Gaming
52.0
Cinebench
724
Cores
8
Buy
Core i5-14600KF
From
$247
Perf/$ G
29.53
Gaming
72.8
Cinebench
1,384
Cores
14
Buy
Core i5-14600K
From
$248
Perf/$ G
29.36
Gaming
72.8
Cinebench
1,273
Cores
14
Buy
Core i5-8400
From
$120
Perf/$ G
29.29
Gaming
35.1
Cinebench
313
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 5 8600G
From
$188
Perf/$ G
29.27
Gaming
55.0
Cinebench
847
Cores
6
Buy
Core i3-9100
From
$97
Perf/$ G
29.23
Gaming
28.4
Cinebench
Cores
4
Buy
Core i5-14400F
From
$200
Perf/$ G
29.00
Gaming
58.0
Cinebench
927
Cores
10
Buy
Core i3-10320
From
$119
Perf/$ G
28.74
Gaming
34.2
Cinebench
Cores
4
Buy
Ryzen 5 7500X3D
From
$281
Perf/$ G
28.11
Gaming
79.0
Cinebench
Cores
Buy
Core i5-11600K
From
$166
Perf/$ G
27.71
Gaming
46.0
Cinebench
Cores
Buy
Core i5-9400
From
$130
Perf/$ G
27.40
Gaming
35.5
Cinebench
Cores
6
Buy
Core i5-14400
From
$215
Perf/$ G
26.99
Gaming
58.0
Cinebench
862
Cores
10
Buy
Core i5-11400
From
$171
Perf/$ G
25.94
Gaming
44.3
Cinebench
484
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 7 5800X
From
$219
Perf/$ G
25.81
Gaming
56.4
Cinebench
876
Cores
8
Buy
Ryzen 7 5800XT
From
$219
Perf/$ G
25.75
Gaming
56.4
Cinebench
Cores
8
Buy
Core i7-12700KF
From
$260
Perf/$ G
25.31
Gaming
65.8
Cinebench
1,284
Cores
12
Buy
Core i3-13100
From
$198
Perf/$ G
25.25
Gaming
50.0
Cinebench
465
Cores
4
Buy
Core i5-12400
From
$210
Perf/$ G
25.24
Gaming
53.0
Cinebench
598
Cores
6
Buy
Core i5-9600K
From
$146
Perf/$ G
25.18
Gaming
36.7
Cinebench
395
Cores
6
Buy
Perf/$ G
25.00
Gaming
77.5
Cinebench
2,482
Cores
24
Buy
Ryzen 7 5700X
From
$222
Perf/$ G
24.91
Gaming
55.3
Cinebench
830
Cores
8
Buy
Ryzen 7 9700X
From
$295
Perf/$ G
24.75
Gaming
73.0
Cinebench
1,313
Cores
8
Buy
Ryzen 5 5600T
From
$219
Perf/$ G
24.52
Gaming
53.7
Cinebench
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 7 7700
From
$280
Perf/$ G
24.47
Gaming
68.5
Cinebench
1,051
Cores
8
Buy
Ryzen 5 5600XT
From
$223
Perf/$ G
24.10
Gaming
53.7
Cinebench
Cores
Buy
Core Ultra 265KF
From
$292
Perf/$ G
24.08
Gaming
70.3
Cinebench
2,067
Cores
20
Buy
Ryzen 7 7800X3D
From
$360
Perf/$ G
23.78
Gaming
85.6
Cinebench
1,047
Cores
8
Buy
Core i5-10600K
From
$175
Perf/$ G
23.60
Gaming
41.3
Cinebench
561
Cores
6
Buy
Core i5-13600K
From
$301
Perf/$ G
23.56
Gaming
70.9
Cinebench
1,289
Cores
14
Buy
Core i3-10100
From
$147
Perf/$ G
23.10
Gaming
33.9
Cinebench
300
Cores
4
Buy
Ryzen 9 7900X
From
$300
Perf/$ G
23.07
Gaming
69.2
Cinebench
1,522
Cores
12
Buy
Ryzen 9 9900X
From
$325
Perf/$ G
22.77
Gaming
73.9
Cinebench
1,810
Cores
12
Buy
Core Ultra 5 235
From
$266
Perf/$ G
22.48
Gaming
59.8
Cinebench
1,228
Cores
14
Buy
Ryzen 5 5600GT
From
$176
Perf/$ G
22.33
Gaming
39.4
Cinebench
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 7 5700G
From
$199
Perf/$ G
22.31
Gaming
44.5
Cinebench
755
Cores
8
Buy
Core Ultra 7 265F
From
$316
Perf/$ G
22.25
Gaming
70.3
Cinebench
1,502
Cores
20
Buy
Core i5-13400F
From
$245
Perf/$ G
22.24
Gaming
54.5
Cinebench
814
Cores
10
Buy
Ryzen 7 8700G
From
$265
Perf/$ G
21.89
Gaming
58.0
Cinebench
995
Cores
8
Buy
Core i7-14700KF
From
$350
Perf/$ G
21.83
Gaming
76.4
Cinebench
1,787
Cores
20
Buy
Core i7-14700F
From
$356
Perf/$ G
21.43
Gaming
76.4
Cinebench
1,609
Cores
20
Buy
Core Ultra 7 265K
From
$328
Perf/$ G
21.43
Gaming
70.3
Cinebench
2,017
Cores
20
Buy
Core i7-12700F
From
$318
Perf/$ G
20.69
Gaming
65.8
Cinebench
1,105
Cores
12
Buy
Core i3-14100
From
$242
Perf/$ G
20.66
Gaming
50.0
Cinebench
512
Cores
4
Buy
Core i7-14700K
From
$370
Perf/$ G
20.65
Gaming
76.4
Cinebench
1,859
Cores
20
Buy
Ryzen 7 9850X3D
From
$489
Perf/$ G
20.45
Gaming
100.0
Cinebench
1,398
Cores
8
Buy
Core i7-8700K
From
$185
Perf/$ G
20.31
Gaming
37.5
Cinebench
504
Cores
6
Buy
Core i5-9400F
From
$175
Perf/$ G
20.29
Gaming
35.5
Cinebench
356
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 9 5900XT
From
$281
Perf/$ G
20.28
Gaming
57.0
Cinebench
Cores
16
Buy
Ryzen 7 9800X3D
From
$479
Perf/$ G
20.25
Gaming
97.0
Cinebench
1,332
Cores
8
Buy
Core i7-12700K
From
$330
Perf/$ G
19.94
Gaming
65.8
Cinebench
1,203
Cores
12
Buy
Core i9-12900KF
From
$344
Perf/$ G
19.59
Gaming
67.4
Cinebench
1,463
Cores
16
Buy
Core Ultra 265
From
$360
Perf/$ G
19.53
Gaming
70.3
Cinebench
1,398
Cores
20
Buy
Ryzen 3 3100
From
$164
Perf/$ G
19.29
Gaming
31.6
Cinebench
305
Cores
4
Buy
Ryzen 3 3200G
From
$135
Perf/$ G
18.59
Gaming
25.1
Cinebench
226
Cores
4
Buy
Core i5-10600KF
From
$229
Perf/$ G
18.03
Gaming
41.3
Cinebench
561
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 5 3600
From
$210
Perf/$ G
17.91
Gaming
37.6
Cinebench
516
Cores
6
Buy
Core i5-12600K
From
$342
Perf/$ G
17.78
Gaming
60.8
Cinebench
950
Cores
10
Buy
Ryzen 5 1600
From
$157
Perf/$ G
17.71
Gaming
27.8
Cinebench
396
Cores
6
Buy
Core i9-14900KF
From
$446
Perf/$ G
17.53
Gaming
78.2
Cinebench
2,071
Cores
24
Buy
Ryzen 9 9900X3D
From
$500
Perf/$ G
17.38
Gaming
86.9
Cinebench
1,923
Cores
12
Buy
Core i9-12900F
From
$390
Perf/$ G
17.28
Gaming
67.4
Cinebench
Cores
16
Buy
Ryzen 5 5500GT
From
$225
Perf/$ G
17.03
Gaming
38.3
Cinebench
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 9 7900
From
$403
Perf/$ G
16.72
Gaming
67.4
Cinebench
1,657
Cores
12
Buy
Core i7-10700KF
From
$291
Perf/$ G
16.12
Gaming
46.9
Cinebench
Cores
8
Buy
Core i9-12900K
From
$426
Perf/$ G
15.82
Gaming
67.4
Cinebench
1,526
Cores
16
Buy
Core i5-13400
From
$347
Perf/$ G
15.72
Gaming
54.5
Cinebench
737
Cores
10
Buy
Core i3-12100
From
$306
Perf/$ G
15.69
Gaming
48.0
Cinebench
431
Cores
4
Buy
Ryzen 9 9950X
From
$499
Perf/$ G
15.40
Gaming
76.9
Cinebench
2,320
Cores
16
Buy
Core i7-10700K
From
$308
Perf/$ G
15.24
Gaming
46.9
Cinebench
716
Cores
8
Buy
Core i5-14500
From
$389
Perf/$ G
15.17
Gaming
59.0
Cinebench
1,145
Cores
14
Buy
Ryzen 9 5900X
From
$390
Perf/$ G
14.62
Gaming
57.0
Cinebench
1,193
Cores
12
Buy
Core i5-8600K
From
$250
Perf/$ G
14.40
Gaming
36.0
Cinebench
342
Cores
6
Buy
Core i7-12700
From
$459
Perf/$ G
14.33
Gaming
65.8
Cinebench
1,069
Cores
12
Buy
Core Ultra 9 285K
From
$504
Perf/$ G
14.25
Gaming
71.8
Cinebench
2,359
Cores
24
Buy
Ryzen 9 7950X
From
$501
Perf/$ G
14.17
Gaming
71.0
Cinebench
2,077
Cores
16
Buy
Core i9-12900KS
From
$476
Perf/$ G
14.16
Gaming
67.4
Cinebench
Cores
16
Buy
Core i9-13900K
From
$547
Perf/$ G
14.05
Gaming
76.8
Cinebench
1,896
Cores
24
Buy
Ryzen 5 1600X
From
$195
Perf/$ G
14.00
Gaming
27.3
Cinebench
Cores
6
Buy
Core i9-14900F
From
$561
Perf/$ G
13.94
Gaming
78.2
Cinebench
1,506
Cores
24
Buy
Ryzen 9 9950X3D
From
$699
Perf/$ G
13.69
Gaming
95.7
Cinebench
2,456
Cores
16
Buy
Core i9-13900
From
$576
Perf/$ G
13.33
Gaming
76.8
Cinebench
2,060
Cores
24
Buy
Ryzen 7 3700X
From
$314
Perf/$ G
13.20
Gaming
41.5
Cinebench
688
Cores
8
Buy
Core i9-14900
From
$614
Perf/$ G
12.73
Gaming
78.2
Cinebench
2,069
Cores
24
Buy
Ryzen 5 2600
From
$245
Perf/$ G
12.73
Gaming
31.2
Cinebench
396
Cores
6
Buy
Core i9-12900
From
$551
Perf/$ G
12.23
Gaming
67.4
Cinebench
Cores
16
Buy
Core i9-13900KF
From
$630
Perf/$ G
12.19
Gaming
76.8
Cinebench
1,896
Cores
24
Buy
Ryzen 9 7950X3D
From
$700
Perf/$ G
12.14
Gaming
85.0
Cinebench
2,003
Cores
16
Buy
Core i9-11900KF
From
$449
Perf/$ G
11.96
Gaming
53.7
Cinebench
867
Cores
8
Buy
Ryzen 7 3800X
From
$350
Perf/$ G
11.83
Gaming
41.4
Cinebench
768
Cores
8
Buy
Core i7-11700KF
From
$425
Perf/$ G
11.81
Gaming
50.2
Cinebench
797
Cores
8
Buy
Core i9-10900KF
From
$435
Perf/$ G
11.36
Gaming
49.4
Cinebench
Cores
10
Buy
Core i9-14900KS
From
$690
Perf/$ G
11.33
Gaming
78.2
Cinebench
2,443
Cores
24
Buy
Ryzen 9 7900X3D
From
$700
Perf/$ G
11.01
Gaming
77.1
Cinebench
1,529
Cores
12
Buy
Core i9-13900F
From
$705
Perf/$ G
10.90
Gaming
76.8
Cinebench
1,601
Cores
24
Buy
Core i9-9900KF
From
$395
Perf/$ G
10.81
Gaming
42.7
Cinebench
Cores
8
Buy
Core i9-11900K
From
$499
Perf/$ G
10.76
Gaming
53.7
Cinebench
819
Cores
8
Buy
Core Ultra 9 285
From
$679
Perf/$ G
10.58
Gaming
71.8
Cinebench
1,508
Cores
24
Buy
Core i9-13900KS
From
$742
Perf/$ G
10.35
Gaming
76.8
Cinebench
2,156
Cores
24
Buy
Core i3-9350KF
From
$300
Perf/$ G
10.30
Gaming
30.9
Cinebench
Cores
4
Buy
Core i9-9900K
From
$439
Perf/$ G
9.73
Gaming
42.7
Cinebench
706
Cores
8
Buy
Ryzen 7 2700
From
$405
Perf/$ G
8.32
Gaming
33.7
Cinebench
505
Cores
8
Buy
Core i9-10900K
From
$645
Perf/$ G
7.66
Gaming
49.4
Cinebench
714
Cores
10
Buy
Ryzen 7 1700X
From
$453
Perf/$ G
6.88
Gaming
31.2
Cinebench
Cores
8
Buy
Ryzen 9 3950X
From
$715
Perf/$ G
6.00
Gaming
42.9
Cinebench
1,370
Cores
16
Buy
Threadripper 3960X
From
$1,001
Perf/$ G
4.25
Gaming
42.5
Cinebench
Cores
24
Buy
Core i9-9900KS
From
$1,385
Perf/$ G
3.19
Gaming
44.2
Cinebench
Cores
8
Buy
Threadripper 3970X
From
$1,549
Perf/$ G
2.76
Gaming
42.8
Cinebench
Cores
32
Buy
Xeon W-3175X
From
$2,899
Perf/$ G
1.57
Gaming
45.4
Cinebench
Cores
28
Buy
Perf/$ G
1.54
Gaming
52.3
Cinebench
Cores
32
Buy
Perf/$ G
1.19
Gaming
50.7
Cinebench
Cores
64
Buy
Threadripper 3990X
From
$5,290
Perf/$ G
0.80
Gaming
42.3
Cinebench
Cores
64
Buy
Core i7-11700F
From
$669
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
736
Cores
8
Buy
Core i9-10900
From
$530
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
717
Cores
10
Buy
Core i7-10700F
From
$295
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
655
Cores
8
Buy
Core i7-9700K
From
$243
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
537
Cores
8
Buy
Ryzen 5 4500
From
$113
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
483
Cores
6
Buy
Core i5-10500
From
$235
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
439
Cores
6
Buy
Core i7-9700
From
$264
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
421
Cores
8
Buy
Ryzen 3 4100
From
$88
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
364
Cores
4
Buy
Core i5-10400
From
$170
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
338
Cores
6
Buy
Core i7-7700
From
$273
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
325
Cores
4
Buy
Core i7-7700K
From
$180
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
322
Cores
4
Buy
Core i5-9500
From
$130
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
321
Cores
6
Buy
Core i5-7500
From
$148
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
220
Cores
4
Buy
Core i3-8100
From
$89
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
193
Cores
4
Buy
Core i5-7600
From
$57
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
4
Buy
Core i3-7300
From
$99
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
2
Buy
Core i3-7100
From
$49
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
2
Buy
Pentium G4620
From
$157
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
2
Buy
Athlon 240GE
From
$100
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
2
Buy
Athlon 200GE
From
$100
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
2
Buy
Ryzen 3 1200
From
$87
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
4
Buy
Core i3-9300
From
$68
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
4
Buy
Core i5-11500
From
$179
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
6
Buy
Core i7-9700F
From
$240
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
8
Buy
Core i5-9600
From
$212
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
6
Buy
Ryzen 5 4600G
From
$300
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
6
Buy
Core i7-7820X
From
$397
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
8
Buy
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
24
Buy
Core i7-7800X
From
$199
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
6
Buy
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
16
Buy
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
12
Buy
Core i9-7980XE
From
$4,000
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
18
Buy
Core i9-7900X
From
$273
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
10
Buy
Core i9-9980XE
From
$665
Perf/$ G
Gaming
Cinebench
Cores
18
Buy

How to Use This CPU Comparison

This CPU comparison ranks every current desktop processor by 1080p gaming score, Cinebench 2024 multi- and single-core, price-to-performance, cores, and TDP — a live CPU tier list you can sort and filter instead of a static chart. Prices refresh daily from real retailer stock, so the ranking reflects what each chip actually costs today, not its launch MSRP. Sort any column to re-rank the hierarchy by raw gaming performance, productivity throughput, core count, or value, then use the filter panel to narrow by brand, socket, budget, minimum cores, integrated graphics, or TDP.

Every processor is scored on one normalized scale, so you can compare CPUs across generations and both brands directly — the job a printed CPU hierarchy does, but with prices that stay current. Click any CPU to open its full spec sheet with gaming and Cinebench 2024 benchmarks, the current price at every retailer we track, and exactly where it lands in the value ranking.

Best CPU for Gaming

The gaming score is a CPU-bound 1080p rating normalized to a 0–100 scale, so it isolates how much a processor limits frame rates when the graphics card isn’t the bottleneck — the number that decides the best CPU for gaming. AMD’s X3D chips, with their stacked 3D V-Cache, lead the gaming ranking; for a pure gaming build, sort by gaming score or gaming Perf/$ and start from the top.

Because most games become GPU-bound above 1080p, the fastest gaming CPU only pays off with a capable card. Pair your shortlist against the GPU comparison table and let the PC Builder assemble a bottleneck-free system around it. The CPU buying guide covers how much CPU different resolutions and refresh rates actually need in 2026.

AMD vs Intel: Sockets and Platforms

Filter by brand to run AMD vs Intel head-to-head at any budget. AMD’s AM5 platform (Ryzen 7000 and 9000) and Intel’s LGA1851 (Core Ultra) are the current upgrade paths, while AM4 and LGA1700 remain strong value with cheaper motherboards. AMD’s X3D parts dominate gaming, while Intel often counters on multi-core throughput and price at specific tiers.

The Socket filter matters for planning: a CPU is only as upgradeable as its platform, so weigh the cost of the board and memory alongside the chip. Sort by Perf/$ within a socket to find the value leader on a platform you can keep upgrading.

Best Value and Budget CPUs

The Perf/$ column ranks every processor by performance per dollar, turning this comparison into a live best-value and best-budget CPU finder. Switch the value metric between gaming and productivity so the ranking matches your workload, then set a price ceiling to see only chips inside your budget.

For the underlying math and a resolution-by-resolution view, see the CPU performance-per-dollar benchmark. More cores help productivity but do little for most games past eight, so a mid-range chip is often the smarter buy — set a Min Cores floor and sort by value to find it.

Best CPUs for Video Editing, Rendering and Streaming

Cinebench 2024 multi-core measures all-core rendering throughput — the metric that decides the best CPU for video editing, 3D rendering, code compiling, and streaming while you game. Sort by Cinebench multi to rank processors for heavily-threaded work; single-core tracks the responsiveness that matters in everyday and lightly-threaded apps.

High-core Ryzen 9 and Core i9 / Ultra 9 chips top the productivity ranking, but the value toggle often surfaces a cheaper CPU that renders nearly as fast per dollar. If your build mixes gaming and creation, sort by both metrics and compare where each chip lands before you buy.

Affiliate disclosure: Some links on this page are affiliate links — MaxMyBuild may earn a commission at no extra cost to you if you buy through them. As an Amazon Associate, MaxMyBuild earns from qualifying purchases. For Amazon, current price and availability are shown on the Amazon product page; product prices and availability are accurate as of the date and time of purchase and are subject to change. Prices shown for other retailers are approximate and may differ at checkout. “Search” links are non-affiliate and provided for convenience only.